What are the physiological diseases of potato? How to prevent it?

Doing a good job in the prevention and control of pests and diseases is a very important part of the planting process and is of great significance for improving production.

  In the process of cultivation, the potato will show deformation, cracks, hollowness, black heart and so on. Some plots also show that the plant grows very vigorously, but the potato chips are small or even no potato chips, which seriously affects the potato production value. The cultivated household suffers economic losses.


    Common physiological diseases and causes of seizures are:


    1. The potato only grows long and does not grow potatoes.



    (1) The selection period is not appropriate. If the cultivation time is not properly selected, when the temperature of the potato tubers is higher than 25 °C, the tubers stop growing and the stems and leaves grow vigorously. At this time, the nutrients produced by the stems and leaves are used for the growth of the aboveground plants. The phenomenon of potato formation;



    (2) Water and fertilizer management is not appropriate. Land plots that present this situation are generally willing to invest and handle elaborate farmers.



    2. Tuber deformation

    The tuber deformation mainly has tumor-type deformation, that is, one or several tumor-like small potatoes are prominent in the bud-eye part of the tuber; the chain-shaped secondary growth type deformation, that is, the sugar gourd type potato stalk, is the stalk that grows on the tuber, and the top end is expanded again. Small tubers; secondary tubers, which form tubers on the tubers.



    3. Tuber cleft



    At the time of harvest, some tubers have one or several longitudinal cracks on the outside, and the outer surface is covered with potato skin. This phenomenon is mainly caused by the fact that the soil is suddenly dry and wet. When the soil is dry, the tubers stop growing and the epidermis is corked. When it rains or sprinkles, the tubers continue to expand and cause the epidermis to rupture.



    4. Tuber hollow



    The larger tuber has a hollow phenomenon, and the hollow is mostly white or tan, and no symptoms are seen outside. This is because the supply of fertilizer and water is sufficient when the tuber is inflated, and the tuber is swollen too fast.



    5. Tuber black heart



    Inside the tuber, there are black or gray lesions. The gap between the diseased spot and the healthy tissue is not obvious. The tuber at the lesion is not easy to cook, and the taste is brittle. It is because the potassium fertilizer is not formed, and the calcium deficiency is also caused. The onset of this condition.



    Preventive measures:



    1. Only grow up with no potatoes



    Sowing at the right time, so that the tuber expansion period of the potato is in a more suitable temperature condition, avoiding the high temperature period. Scientific water and fertilizer management, increase the application of organic fertilizer, seedlings when the water control seedlings, if there is a long phenomenon, timely spray short and strong control of growth.



    2. Prevention of tuber deformation and cracks



    Add organic fertilizer, add soil water and fertilizer, especially in the tuber expansion period, should be sprinkled in time to prevent soil drought.



    3. Tuber hollow, black heart disease



    During the expansion period of the potato tubers, adhere to the appropriate soil moisture, carry out reasonable close planting, balance fertilization according to the soil testing formula, increase the application of potassium fertilizer, and make up for the calcium fertilizer.



    4. Prevention of black heart disease during storage



    Before the potato is stored in the oysters, choose a wide, boring, ventilated, dark-proof place, and pre-store for about 15 days. When the potato husk is completely dry and corked, the respiration is weakened, and then the bag is filled. The yam should not exceed 2 meters, and a 0.5 meter channel should be left between the raft and the raft to facilitate ventilation, viewing and smashing. Make sure there is enough oxygen to breathe together, and remove the heat, moisture and moisture released by the potato chips.