Pollution-free Production Technology of Pomegranate

  Pomegranate is a deciduous shrub or small tree, in the tropics is an evergreen tree. Like warm sunny environment, drought and cold resistance, but also barren, impatient, waterlogging and shade. The requirement for soil is not strict, but it is suitable to cultivate sandy soil with good drainage. The pollution-free production technology of pomegranate is introduced as follows:

I. Garden Choice

1. Environmental conditions: annual average temperature above 9 C; annual rainfall between 300 and 1000m m; fertile soil, organic matter content above 1%, soil layer above 60 cm, groundwater level below 1 m; soil PH value 6.5-7.5, total salt content below 0.3%; slope below 15 degrees.
2. Planning of garden land: flat land, beach land and gentle sloping land below 6 degrees, planting in North-South direction; 6-15 degree sloping land, planting along contour line. Equipped with necessary irrigation and drainage facilities and buildings. Windbreak forests should be built in windbreak areas.

II. Planting

1. Land preparation: Dig planting ditches 0.8-1 m deep and wide according to row spacing, and fill the bottom of ditches with crop straw about 30 cm thick. The excavated topsoil is mixed with enough organic fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer to fill the ditch. After filling to 20 cm below the ground, water is poured through to make the soil settled, and then covered with a layer of topsoil to preserve moisture. Planting pattern and density: flat land, beach land and gentle sloping land below 6 degrees are rectangular planting, and sloping land of 6-15 degrees is contour planting. The planting density was 1143-1666 plants/hm2 on hillside or sloping land (irrigated without water), 833-1140 plants/hm2 on gentle sloping land (irrigated without water), 634-833 plants/hm2 on flat or beach land (irrigated with water).
2. Selection and treatment of seedlings: seedling height 80-100 cm, lateral roots 3-5, no splitting and tearing.
3. Planting time: Pomegranate seedlings are generally planted in spring, the later the better. If planted in autumn, the sooner the better. Planting in rainy season should be carried out in rainy and cloudy days.
4. Cutting technology: Dig a planting hole 30 cm deep and wide in the planting ditch, place the seedlings in the center of the hole, fill the soil while lifting the seedlings, steadily, fill the soil immediately after irrigation, and cover the plastic film to keep moisture after watering. Fixed drying immediately after planting in spring and before sprouting in autumn next year. After drying, take appropriate measures to protect the shears.

Ⅲ. Soil, fertilizer and water management

1. Deep ploughing, soil improvement and clear tillage: The fruit is harvested every autumn and applied with basic fertilizer in autumn. When the soil is backfilled, organic fertilizer is mixed and then fully irrigated to make the root soil close to each other. After raining or irrigating in orchard growing season, plough and loosen soil in time, and the depth of ploughing is 5-10 cm, so as to adjust temperature and keep moisture.
2. Cover grass: Cover grass after fertilization and irrigation in spring. It can also be combined with deep open ditches to bury grass to improve soil fertility and water storage capacity.
3. Fertilization: Organic fertilizer is the main fertilizer supplemented by chemical fertilizer. Fertilizer should not have adverse effects on orchard environment and fruit quality.
4. The types of fertilizers allowed to be used: farm fertilizers, commercial fertilizers and other fertilizers.
5. Prohibited fertilizers: municipal garbage or garbage containing heavy metals, rubber and harmful substances, nitrate-nitrogen fertilizer, chlorine-containing fertilizer, human manure and urine at the end of decomposition, unregistered fertilizer products.
6. Fertilizer application methods and quantities: base fertilizer, fruit harvested in autumn before deciduous application, mainly farm manure, mixed with a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer. Soil topdressing was carried out three times a year, the first time from germination to budding stage, the second time at young fruit expansion stage, the third time at fruit turning stage, and the last time with little amount of topdressing, excluding it; foliar spraying was carried out four to five times a year, generally two to three times in early growth stage and two to three times in late growth stage, which could supplement the trace elements needed for fruit tree growth and development.

IV. Water Management

Concentrations of elements and compounds in irrigation water of non-polluted pomegranate producing areas should meet the following requirements: mercury < 0.01 mg/L, cadmium < 0.05 mg/L, arsenic, lead and chromium () value < 0.01 mg/L, fluoride < 0.01 mg/L, cyanide < 0.01 mg/L, petroleum < 0.01 mg/L.
1. Irrigation: Irrigation period should be determined according to soil moisture content, usually including germination period, post-flowering period, rapid fruit expansion period and four periods before soil freezing.
2. Drainage: When the orchard is flooded, drainage should be made timely by using ditches.
Prevention and Control of Diseases and Pests
According to the plant protection policy of "prevention first, comprehensive control", based on agricultural and physical control, biological control as the core, and according to the occurrence law of pests and diseases, chemical control technology is used scientifically to effectively control pests and diseases.
The main diseases of pomegranate are scab, dry rot and early defoliation. Alternate spraying of carbendazim, 80% Dasheng M-45, chlorhexidine, Fuxin and Bordeaux liquid can effectively control them. Pomegranate pests are aphids, scale insects, peach borers, leaf mites, etc. They are controlled by natural enemies or spraying imidacloprid, aphid-resistant, mifeprid urea 3, avermectins, bell-killing urea, Tao Xiaoling and other insecticides. At ordinary times, pests and fruits are removed and buried deeply. Bagging can also effectively control various diseases and insect pests.
6. Fruit Harvesting
The harvesting time was determined according to fruit maturity, use and market demand. Varieties with inconsistent maturity should be harvested in stages.