Authoritative guidance: how to control the late soybean production in the summer of 2019

 The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs decided to implement the soybean revitalization plan from 2019, expand the planting area, increase the yield level, improve product quality, strive to increase the effective supply of soybeans, and improve the quality and competitiveness of China's soybean industry. At present, the summer soybean production in Hebei Province has entered the drum period, and the spring sowing soybeans have entered the harvest period. In order to improve the quality and production efficiency of soybeans and ensure the increase of farmers' income and income, a few days ago, the relevant experts of the Provincial Soybean Industrial Technology Innovation Team of Hebei Agricultural Technology Extension Station put forward the "2019 Summer Production of Summer Soybean in Hebei Province" on the basis of full investigation and investigation. Technical Guidance.

  Soy is a high-quality plant protein resource and a healthy edible vegetable oil resource. In order to accelerate the structural reform of the supply side of agriculture and adapt to the new needs of the development of advantageous industries, the Provincial Agricultural and Rural Affairs Department and the Financial Department have recently established an innovation team for the soybean industry technology system in Hebei Province. At present, the summer soybean production in our province has entered the drum period, and the spring sowing soybeans have entered the harvest period. In order to improve the quality and production efficiency of soybeans, and ensure that farmers increase production and income, the collective discussion of the provincial soybean industry technology system innovation team, the following comments:

First, strengthen water and fertilizer management

  The soy granule period is the period in which the accumulation of dry matter is the most, and it is the key period for the formation of soybean yield. It is also the peak period of demand for water. The lack of water will increase the pods and mites, and the 100-grain weight will decrease, resulting in severe yield reduction. The soil should be replenished in time according to the soil moisture, and the irrigation should be based on the principle of seeping the soil. It should not cause the water in the field to be too long; pay attention to avoid the high wind watering to prevent lodging. In the early stage, the fertilization is less and the premature aging is applied. The urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, boron, zinc micro-fertilizer or bean harvest can be sprayed on the leaf surface of the granules to keep the leaves green, pods and grains full and increase the yield.

Second, pest control

  Adhere to the principle of “prevention first, comprehensive prevention and control”, focus on promoting green pest control technology, strengthen agricultural control, and focus on promoting low-toxic, low-residue, high-efficiency chemical pesticides to control pests and diseases, and improve on the basis of effective control of pests and diseases. ecosystem.

1. Disease prevention and treatment. In the granule stage, focus on the control of purple spot and gray spot, remove the diseased plants, disperse 1000-1500 times of granules with 10% difenoconazole, or 250 g / liter of pyraclostrobin 1000 times. Spray control, spray once every 7-10 days, continuous control 2-3 times.

2. Pest control. Common insect pests in the late stage of soybean include beet armyworm, Spodoptera litura, cotton bollworm, bridge-building insect, heartworm, bean pod and other pests. According to the actual situation, 20% pyrethroid EC or 2.5% deltamethrin can be used. Emulsified oil 2000 times liquid, 5% emamectin benzoate microemulsion 5000-8000 times liquid, spray liquid of not less than 40 kg per acre, can be combined with the control point bee mites simultaneously.

3, "sickness" prevention and treatment. Point bee mites are the main pests causing diseased green. In some areas, the density of insects is large. Late sowing and late-maturing soybeans just start to blast, which can cause harm and should be prevented early. Use 25% thiamethoxam water dispersible granules + 25 g / liter of cyhalothrin emulsion 2000-3000 times spray control; can also use 10% imidacloprid WP 2 00 times solution, 5% efficient Cyhalothrin microemulsion 2000-3000 times solution, 50% fluniguanillin eye water dispersion granules (can be applied) 5000-8000 times liquid alone.

4, to prevent weeds. For the soybeans in the middle and late stages of the soybean field, the weeds such as ash green, ramie, Xanthium, Solanum nigrum, and horse bubble are manually removed as early as possible.

Third, soybean mechanical harvesting technology

  At present, there are few soybean special combine harvesters in our province. Generally, wheat harvesters are used for harvesting. The crushing rate is high and the quality of impurities is poor. In order to improve the harvest quality, the following matters should be noted during harvesting:

1. Harvest period. Soybean is harvested in time after ripening, and it is suitable for mechanical harvesting when all the leaves are shed and the grain is rounded to the color of the variety and the water content is less than 15%. When the water content is less than 13%, it can be directly stored after harvest.

2. Manually remove the immature green plants and weeds in the field before mechanical harvesting. Weeding with chemical herbicides one week in advance to ensure that the harvested soybean seeds are clean, the appearance quality is good, and the occurrence of soybean mud face is reduced.

3, the machine should avoid the dew when collecting, start harvesting in the morning without dew, stop harvesting in the evening when there is dew, prevent the grain from adhering to the soil, affecting the appearance quality.

4. It is recommended to use a soybean combine harvester for harvesting.

5. Pay attention to the following when using the wheat combine harvester: 1 In principle, the flexible header should be replaced. 2 According to the weather, soybean grain water content and variety characteristics, the reel height, rotation speed and vehicle harvesting speed are reasonably adjusted to reduce the loss of throwing and frying. 3 According to the water content of the grain, adjust the rotation speed of the drum and the gap of the threshing concave plate. The rotation speed of the drum is generally adjusted to 300-500 rev / min. The bean granules are not split and the threshing is clean, so that the breaking rate of soybean is less than 5%. 4 Correctly adjust the air volume, screen opening, and control the entrainment loss. The fan air volume should be adjusted as much as possible, that is, the fan speed should be increased, so as not to blow out the bean grain, the entrainment loss of the soybean can be reduced, and the cleaning rate can be improved.

Fourth. Timely picking and harvesting techniques for vegetable soybeans
Vegetable soybeans, also known as edamame, are freshly podmed soybeans, which are vegetable soybeans that are specially used for tender pods.

1. Fresh pod timely picking technology
Different vegetable soybean varieties have different picking periods, and it is generally suitable when 80% of the pods are full of granules, but they have not been dehydrated and yellowed. Combined with the ecological and natural conditions of the local year, early-maturing varieties are generally about 35 days after flowering, medium-maturing varieties are generally about 40 days after flowering, and late-maturing varieties are generally about 45 days after flowering.
When the fresh soybean pods are picked, the small-scale plots can be picked up manually, and then placed in a cool place after picking; the medium-sized plots can be selected with a special soybean picking machine or a pod removal machine after harvesting; The pods can be sealed and sealed in plastic bags at around 4 °C for about one week; conditions can be used for quick-frozen storage to prolong storage time.

2, seed timely harvesting technology
Harvesting of vegetable soybean seeds is generally carried out during the maturity period of leaf detachment and grain rounding. The harvest time can be appropriately advanced to prevent cracking of the pods; mechanical harvesting can be used during harvesting. Since the grain is larger than the general variety, pay attention to adjusting the harvesting machinery to prevent damage. seed.